Cause of Industrialization essays

Cause of Industrialization essays What appears to be the necessary conditions for Industrialization? Give examples in Britain, Germany, US, Russia, and Japan. Britain: Population growth, Migrants flocked from countryside homes to the city slums to make money, a strong middle class and difficult political, economical, and social circumstance, and the decrease of death rate in infants. Germany: Coal and iron production on the rise in the 1840's, extensive rail works, the unification of Germany, and Bismarck and his encouraged development of heavy industry and its effects on the army. USA: Many European immigrants, a strong middle class, the decrease of death rate in infants, British introduction of cotton textile factories, the emergence of steel and iron mining, and the mass production of railways. Russia: Social reform based on the Communist manifesto, Czarist government encouraged railway development, reformed commercial laws helped developing companies, and the production of oil armaments, and iron. Japan: The hiring of foreign experts to help develop modern industry, government founded industries, government the sold those business to non-governmental merchants, and the increase of technology. ...

Child ByTiger essays

Child ByTiger essays Child By Tiger by Thomas Wolfe is a story about a black man, Dick Prosser, and the life he lived being a black man living in the South. Although the story isnt fully based on racial issues, Dick still suffers racial oppression. For example, the fight with Lon Everett, and having to sit outside of the white church during services. Eventually, after trying for so long to remain calm and be accepted by society, he goes crazy on a killing rampage. Child By Tiger shows a complete loss of innocence reguarding Prosser. He was once an incredible black man that had many talents most blacks didnt have. All Dick wanted was to be accepted by society but after he had tried so hard and so long he cant bear it anymore and that is what causes his sudden reuption of violence. Prosser transforms from being the lamb- very innocent creature, into a tiger by the end of the story- hence the title. In the short story "The Child by Tiger," Thomas Wolfe uses Dick Prosser's situations and lifestyles to enforce his belief that Dick's outburst of slayings stem from an unresolved search for acceptance among the whites, blacks, and even God. The white race takes advantage of Dick's abilities; however, they cannot accept him as one of their own because pre-set stereotypes inhibit inter-racial relationships. Mr. Sheppardton proclaims, "That Dick was the best man he'd ever had, the smartest darky that he'd ever known." But even "the smartest darky" cannot partake in the white man's world. This truth evidences itself regarding church attendance. The chauffeur of the Sheppardton family, Dick must "come up to the side door of the church while the service [is] going on...and stand there humbly and listen during the course of the entire sermon." Dick is not allowed to even enter the church proudly and listen to the service; he has to stand outside and experience the sermon from a distance...

What is the future of diversity management Essay

What is the future of diversity management - Essay Example Leadership and diversity are among the most discussed topics in scholarly research. The growing diversity of national and international workforce presents a serious challenge for leaders who must develop new approaches for managing diverse employees and using diversity as the source of competitive advantage. Unfortunately, previous research was increasingly concentrated on searching for â€Å"one best way† of leadership in organizations. Put simply, researchers were preoccupied with an idea to find one, universal leadership model, which would be equally effective in all organizational settings. With time, the idea of â€Å"one best way† was gradually replaced with the ideals of contingency leadership, which came to dominate organizational and leadership consciousness in all parts of the world. According to Day (1991), â€Å"implied in the contingency approach to leadership is the need for leaders to be flexible in their choice of leadership style based on the situation † (p.362). Today, contingency exemplifies the key component of diversity management decisions in organizations: a multitude of diversity management models suggests that there can never be a universal solution to diversity management issues. The current state of workplace development suggests that diversity in organizations will continue to persist. The coming years are likely to witness a dramatic shift from diversity management to diversity cultures in organizations, which will serve an essential source of competitive advantage and an instrument of continuous organizational learning in the long run. Literature review Workforce diversity is rightly considered as one of the most popular and controversial topics in contemporary business literature. Globalization and integration of markets and businesses lead to the growing diversity of employees in small organizations and large corporations. Thus, it comes as no surprise that organizations and professionals in organization studi es seek to develop and test new models of leadership and management, which will let organizations utilize their diversity potential to the fullest. It should be noted, that present day organizations are undergoing a dramatic change in diversity philosophies and principles. Today, the scope of diversity management is no longer limited to increasing the share of minorities in the workforce but implies the need to develop and sustain diversity-sensitive organizations (Dreachslin, 2007). In this situation, senior leaders are expected to develop sound commitment to recruiting, retaining, and supporting applicants and candidates that had been previously underrepresented (Dreachslin, 2007). Furthermore, diversity-sensitive ideology in organizations obligate leaders to convince and educate other stakeholders that diversity is the key strategic value and defines the course of long-term development in organizations. Unfortunately, â€Å"the effects of diversity on performance are mixed† (Haas 2010). The factors mediating the relationship between diversity and organizational presentation are numerous and varied. In the meantime, researchers develop and test new models of diversity management and their implications for organizations. The current state of research displays a tendency toward describing and analyzing numerous models of diversity management and their implications for the future of global business. Mitchell and Boyle (2010) tried to create a single, theoretical framework of diversity management and tested a model of leadership, in which diversity management would be closely connected to innovation and creativity, learning, and organizational transformations. The researchers found out that transformational leaders facilitated the creation of knowledge in organizations, leading to increased recognition of diversity and acceptance of diversity management within the staff (Mitchell & Boyle 2010). However, while

Should Beijing really be hosting the Olympics and would you go Explain Essay

Should Beijing really be hosting the Olympics and would you go Explain - Essay Example Since their inception, the modern games have been infused with politics, boycotts, and threats of non-participation. Some people see the games as a way of promoting and legitimizing the host city. Athletes may face an ethical dilemma by participating in a country where there are severe human rights violations. Still, the Olympic idealists hold the standard of de Coubertin and insist that politics and social issues remain clear of the games. These competing opinions on the value and purpose of the games have almost never been as pronounced as they are when we discuss the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. The decision to hold the Olympics in China has been met with a series of protests that object to their history of oppression and violations of basic civil rights. While there are legitimate objections to the selection process, the ideals of sport, international cooperation, and cultural interaction makes Beijing an appropriate choice for the 2008 Olympics. The importance of the Olympics and the selection of the host city should not be underestimated. It offers economic advantage to the city in the way of tourism as well as an opportunity to exhibit the city’s and the host country’s best face. The enormous worldwide interest in the games can be seen by the escalating broadcast revenues and the attendant increase in viewership in recent years (see Appendix A). This also opens up the door to give a country an opportunity to present a faà §ade while they ignore the reality that lies just beyond the borders of the games. Will the world see the sweatshops and hardships that lay beyond the broadcasts, or will they only be shown the glossy face of the â€Å"New China† (See Appendix B)? Determining where fact meets propaganda is one of the challenges faced by the IOC, the media, and the viewing public. The biggest objection to Beijing hosting the Olympics is their dismal record on human rights. There has been evidence

Solving Interpersonal Communication Problems Essay Example for Free

Solving Interpersonal Communication Problems Essay Everything that we do with other people involves communication such that all our social interactions are communicative and they presume communication processes. Interpersonal communication is characterized by: communication from one individual to another, communication which is face to face and both the form and content of communication reflect the personal characteristics of the individual as well as their social roles and relationships (Ellis, 2009). Interpersonal communication develops relationships of some sort among the communicating parties for instance when there is high degree of trust among them, where each person is prepared to openly discuss their feelings and where the participants have a mutual liking toward each other (Hartley, 2005). In this case the kind of relationship created is that of teacher to student relationship. Both the teacher and the student have the responsibility of seeking clarification whether they understand each other to minimize conflicts between them. Interpersonal communication is always a two way process meaning that two parties must be involved. The parties pass messages to each other such that there is the sender and the recipient but this is not static since the sender also becomes the recipient to complete the communication process (Hartley, 2005). The geography teacher in this case acts as the source when teaching and the students as the recipients. On the other hand the situation can be reversed where the student becomes the source and the teacher the recipient, this happens when the student seeks clarification. Interpersonal communication is an ongoing process and not an event. However, during the process of communication several things may happen that may hinder or create problems such that the parties do not communicate as intended. In most cases these problems are termed as noise in the process of communication. They hinder the sender and the recipient from decoding the words and signs sent leading to misinterpretation of each other hence passing the wrong messages. For instance in the case where the geography teacher intends to communicate to students on probable examinable questions yet some other students do not understand the teacher and even though they are hardworking they end up failing the exam. In this scenario it can be concluded that some noise existed between the teacher and the students and the intended message was not communicated. The existence of communication problem between the teacher and the father of the student may be said to have resulted from anger of the father due to the son’s failure in the test and the information availed to the father by the son. The remedies to this interpersonal communication will also be discussed later in the paper. Problems of interpersonal communication Language barriers The complexities of language codes are often highlighted in communication across cultural boundaries. There are number barriers in interpersonal communication that are related to language. Among the most common include; lack of equivalent words where the sender and the receiver comes from different cultural backgrounds and they use same word to mean different things (Ellis, 2009), lack of equivalent grammar or syntax this may make the parties in the communication to misinterpret the information forwarded by each other. For instance same words may work as nouns or verbs or adjectives for example in English `lift a thumb’ or `thumb a lift’ in the first case the word a `thumb’ is a noun and in the second case a `thumb’ is verb. Use of idioms and similes may also cause misunderstanding as different culture use them differently. Pronunciation is also a major problem in interpersonal communication this may alter the meaning of the word for instance problems associated with pronunciation of `r’ and `l’ one may pronounce ‘right’ as `light’ (Bovee Thill, 2000). In a class context such pronunciation problems may make the students fail to communicate as intended. The language problems in the communications process are thus very common in classrooms for instance it’s common to find student having different class notes as they hear different things from their teachers. The language used by the geography teacher may have not been understood by the student who failed in the test; this creates a conflict between the student and the teacher and it’s escalated further to family of the student. Use of non-verbal signs Non-verbal communication is a type of communication which consists of unspoken cues that a communicator sends in conjunction with spoken or written message for example, a person’s tone of voice where the individual vary the tone of the voice by either making it loud or sharp, facial expression, eye behavior, head nodding, nose thumbing, thumb movement. In addition one’s postures and manner of walking also may have communication significance for instance a person may walk in a manner which indicates utter despair. Also the distance between two individual involved in private conversation shows the relationship between the two (Turner West, 2008). It is therefore the responsibilities of the receiver and the sender to decode the message passage so as to avoid misunderstanding. The receiver decodes and interprets the message sent and responds by sending back feedback which helps the sender to find out if the receiver has correctly interpreted the message. The problem arises where the receiver misinterprets the message sent since he or she will respond by wrong feedback. Such misinterpretation may arise since individual comes from different cultural background and a certain non-verbal communication may have a totally different meaning to other cultures, for instance nodding of the head in some culture symbolizes acceptance or agreement but in some cultures it symbolizes disagreement (Kalefleisch,1993). In a class context the teacher’s changes of tones, facial expressions or uses cues that they think will help them to communicate effectively. In hinting what topic will appear in the tests the expression made by the geography teacher may have been misunderstood by the students resulting in students revising in other topics which made them to fail the exam. Use of nonverbal cues at times thus poses a bid problem in interpersonal communication. Channel noise This problem is caused by physical barriers and is mostly due to our senses of smelling, touching, tasting, hearing and seeing. Among the common channel noise includes laughing talking, coughing, sneezing, and snoring such noise can be inside or outside the setting of the source and the recipient of the message. For instance an aircraft over a building or a lawn mower outside a classroom, people talking or yelling loudly in the hallways or outside windows it can be even murmuring of students in class in the class students noting may distract other from listening (Ellis, 2009). The speaker may also not be audible enough, may have inappropriate appearance or have bad mannerisms that contribute to poor communication with the audience. If the speaker keeps on jingling his keys from the pockets this is still noise that may distract effective communication (Campbell Nelson, 2010). A school has many activities going on at the same time for instance cleaning of pavements, students moving up and down to laboratories and respective classes, cutting or trimming of hedges outside the classroom or continuous murmuring or laughing of students in class. All these distract the student in one way or the other from the teacher hence causing the student to miss some of the teacher’s remarks. This means that communication is not effective. May be such noises distracted the student when the geography teacher hinted on the topic to appear in tests and this made the student not to capitalize on the hinted topic hence failing an exam which became the source of the conflict. Psychological noise/emotional problem It also presents barriers to communication. Nervousness and anxiety can sometimes in certain situations be barriers to communication as well as tension that may be caused by controversy or conflict. The source of the message may use words or phrases that may be viewed negatively by the other party. The topic of discussion may also be controversial or no appealing to the other party or the audience may feel that the speaker is biased hence he may lack interest in listening to the speaker (Hartley, 2005). On the other hand the topic of discussion may be boring and the person trying to communicate may also be boring this may make even the listener to start dozing or sleeping hence unable to hear the speaker’s main points. It also true that some people may not like the person trying to pass messages and so they pay little attention no matter the message intended to be communicated. At times psychological noise may result from the audiences habit of thinking of what is to happen next for instance may be they also have to address the audience or they have a test in the near future or the events that happened sometimes back. Fatigue, stress or sometimes wrong timing for instance too early in the morning, too close to lunchtime or too late in the day when the listener are tired and the listeners may be faking attentiveness hence not decoding the message (Huff, 2008). In class context for instance student fakes attentiveness to avoid being punished or to please their teachers. Such cases, the teacher may be cheated that the student have understood the message being passed to students yet this is not the case .The teacher leaves satisfied that the message has been passed. In our case the student who is failed to pass the test may had psychological problems when the teacher was explaining on the examinable topics in the tests hence failed to decode the message that was being passed on this left the teacher with the impression that all students were attentive and would pass exams if they capitalized on the taught areas but this was not the case since some students end up failing the test. In addition the problem of the communication between the teacher and the father of the student who failed the exam resulted from the irritation of the father due to his sons failure in the test, misunderstanding occurs when the father feels that the teacher has resp onsibility of making the student pass the test while may be the teacher felt that he communicated effectively to students on what to expect in the tests. Solutions to interpersonal communication problems Language problems should at all times is avoided when communication is taking place between individuals but the major concern is how to avoid them. The parties in a communication exercise should ensure that they use the words that have similar cross-cultural meanings so that misinterpretation is avoided. Use of idioms, similes and other figurative languages should also be avoided and if used they should explained and made sure that the recipient understands the message fully (Fussel Kreuz, 1998). Pronunciation problems can be avoided by the source only if he practices to pronounce words properly however in some contexts like in a class pronunciation can be solved by spelling the words used or writing on the board so that communication is made effective. In addition to these language problems the teacher should understands the language problems of his students so that assistance is given in special cases as the instincts of the teacher feel that they may not comprehend the terms used . Non-verbal cues are inherent in any communication process and people should not always assume that they understand what gestures means otherwise the fail to comprehend the message sent. In order to avoid the problems associated with nonverbal signs the recipient should pay attention to what is being said since most nonverbal cues are aimed to emphasize a verbal message. For instance in class context a teacher may raise the voice to underscore something previously said. In addition it should be made sure that nonverbal and verbal messages match to avoid miscoding and misinterpretation. People should also be tentative in interpreting nonverbal communication due to the cultural differences in nonverbal cues. It also advisable to avoid non-verbal distractions when communicating since it at times act as noise in interpersonal communication. For instance shifting your eyes or continuously playing with one’s hair may add other meanings in the message being conveyed. Non-verbal signs should also be put in context when using them. Attention should pay on non-verbal cues but they should place in the right context. To understand what nonverbal cues means one should consider the entire communication process not just on element of it and we also need to ask others about what certain nonverbal cues mean in their culture (Turner West, 2008). In order to avoid psychological problems in interpersonal communication it advisable that to ensure that the parties in the communication process are psychologically prepared and they understand each other situation to avoid conflicting communication. The parties in the communication process should ensure that their topic of discussion is relevant, not boring and well timed to avoid distractions to other issues. It’s also advisable that all parties are actively engaged for instance in class the teacher should engage students with questions to make sure that they do not fake attentiveness. In addition the case of parent teacher miscommunication, the parent should always be psychologically prepared that a student can fail or pass a test and it’s not always the fate of a teacher for student failure. To avoid psychological problem in interpersonal communication the parties should ensure that they know their feelings, analyses the situation, owning their feelings reframing w hen needed and empathizing such practices are complex activities that involve sensitivity, awareness, insight and empathy therefore just like any proficiency, emotional communication require patience and persistence (West Turner, 2008). Solution to the channel noise can only be rectified by making sure the right channel to communication is used. The parties in the communication process should ensure that conducive environment exists so that communication is effective. In this case internal settings of the class should have minimal noise only that cannot be controlled. The teacher should take the responsibility of ensuring source of noise such as murmuring is minimized; however little can be done on external settings since other activities must take place (Aswathappa, 2005). If in our case external noise is too high the teacher ought to raise his voice or the student to have asked the points missed for effective communication to take place. Conclusion Interpersonal communication is vital in developing relationships among individuals since every social interaction involves communication. As said earlier it involves at least two individuals passing messages to each other. Individual must be ready to express their feelings and emotions for interpersonal communication to be said to occur. It’s a cyclic process that is continuous from source to recipient and vice versa where the recipient becomes the source and the source the recipient for the process to complete. Interpersonal communicational though very important and inevitable in our day to day activities has certain problems that hinder effective communication to occur between individuals. These problems include: Language problems, channel related problems, non-verbal cues interpretation problems and psychological and emotional problem such as anger love and pretense. These problems if not well checked makes the communication between individual to deviate from the original intentions and they need to be checked every time individuals are communicating to avoid conflicts for instance the one that emerged between the teacher and student. Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/solving-problems-of-interpersonal-communication-problems-english-language-essay.php#ixzz2LX8NPmck

Techniques Bronte Uses to Evoke Sympathy from the Reader in Jane Eyre E

Techniques Bronte Uses to Evoke Sympathy from the Reader in Jane Eyre The essay looks at ways and especially the people that evoke sympathy for the reader in Jane Eyre’s younger life. Bronte uses many ways to provoke the reader’s empathy and compassion. People and techniques used to do this, are shown in the following. Sympathy is evoked in the reader through Mrs Reed. Although we are given no details on Jane’s childhood before she comes into Mrs Reeds care, we may presume it was a happy one. The contrast is shown when Mrs Reed kept and held Jane separately from her own children. Jane knows that â€Å"She (Mrs Reed) regretted to be under the necessity of keeping me at a distance†. Also â€Å"She must exclude me from privileges intended only for contented, happy little children†. Jane is trying to empathise with Mrs Reed and understands that she does not belong with the family, and therefore feels lost and unhappy. Many adults in the novel dislike Jane because she is an outspoken individual. She is a non-conformist and goes against the grain of the typical female child of her time. She was told to do as she was told and not to think for herself. Today she would be more accepted by having her own views. She is told that â€Å"There is something truly forbidding in a child taking her elders in that manner, be seated and until you can speak pleasantly remain silent. Jane hides and reads behind some curtains to escape what she perceives as her captors. Her favourite book is Bewicks History of British Birds. She dreams she is visiting islands and far off shores as she travels the globe. The reader can almost visualise her journey and also longs for her freedom. As she reads it is noted that outside the weather is dull... ...l to cut her beautiful locks off, she remonstrates and passes a hanker chief over her lips as though she is trying to hide or brush away her feelings of the stupid accusations. Jane is humiliated in front of the whole school because of Mr.Brocklehurst for false accusations. Mrs.Temple later announces to the school and reassures Jane and everyone that she is a good girl and that what Brocklehurst said was not true, the reader feels vindicated for Jane. Bronte describes her characters knowingly and with insight. The reader is drawn into the sad unjust world of an orphan, especially the female orphan in Victorian England. I feel that Jane is a determined young woman someone who I would like to become friends with, not because we would have much in common but that her life philosophies are wise and she is the product of a well experienced short life time.

An Unforgettable Memory

The silence was so dense and heavy I could almost feel it but it was always like that between me and dad. He had told me to go grocery shopping with him because we had come back after the summer vacation and there was no proper and edible grocery at home, so we were headed to the local store. Dad was really sick and weak after the flight back from our homeland so I made myself do all the shopping quickly so that he wouldn’t have to tire himself. And whenever I am in a rush, I become embarrassingly clumsy, bumping into this and that, and you see things flying here and there but of course it’s unintentional! But I,surprisingly, managed to get all the things that were on the shopping list so after I filled the shopping trolley I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley and oh just my luck, that’s exactly when the cream cheese glass jar decided to take a roll down the trolley and smash itself into pieces onto the floor. I wasn’t scared of anything like if the cashier would add some fine or anything. My dad naturally possesses a loud voice but it was further enhanced because he is diabetic, which gives a sympathetic high tone. So he started screaming impulsively and loudly in front of everyone at me how I was always in a hurry, how I can never get things right, how I always made a mess, how I am never careful enough and it went on and on. I was so ashamed and humiliated at myself for not being more careful and I was filled with disgust for myself as I bent down to pick up the broken pieces of glass on the floor and hand it to the cashier who put it in a grocery bag. While I was giving it to him, my fingers were painted with blood which had bled out as I picked the pieces but I didn’t notice the physical pain for it was nothing compared to my emotional tornado. Yes, you have every right to think that I’m over-sensitive, emotional, and a hormone-crazed teenager with extreme mood swings. But when the cashier asked me, â€Å"Did it hurt? † I was so deeply touched and moved by this simple act that it made me swallow my tears and tell him a feeble â€Å"no†. This cashier whom I have probably never talked to in my life before could make such a big difference with such a simple but kind and touching deed. I had no idea that sometimes kindness strangers are the garnishing in life we need so that we can digest the main course. And as for the main course, he didn’t even bother turning and looking back at me and continued walking to the car and I took all the grocery bags to the car and we continued in our silence.